Occupational Hazard
Identification & Risk Assessment

ΜΕΕΚ – Μελέτη Εκτίμησης Επαγγελματικού Κινδύνου  |  Law 3850/2010, Article 43  |  ISO 45001:2018 §6.1.2.1

Greek OHS Legislation ISO 45001:2018 On-site Assessment Written Risk Register Hazard Identification
Why it matters

A Legal Obligation and a Sound
Business Decision

Every employer in Greece is legally required to maintain a written assessment of occupational risks — known as the ΜΕΕΚ (Μελέτη Εκτίμησης Επαγγελματικού Κινδύνου). This obligation, set out in Article 43 of Law 3850/2010, applies to all enterprises regardless of sector or size.

Beyond legal compliance, a rigorous hazard identification and risk assessment process is the cornerstone of any effective health and safety management system. For organisations pursuing or maintaining ISO 45001 certification, the written risk assessment directly satisfies the requirements of clause 6.1.2.1 — Hazard Identification, providing a documented foundation for all subsequent OHS planning and control activities.

MBO's consultants bring the technical expertise to carry out thorough, practical, and fully documented assessments — helping your organisation meet its obligations, protect its workforce, and build a proactive safety culture.

RISK ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY — R = S × E × P S SEVERITY × E EXPOSURE × P PROBABILITY = R RISK = S × E × P FACTOR RATING SCALES SEVERITY (S) 1 Negligible 2 Minor (first aid) 3 Moderate (medical) 4 Serious (disability) 5 Fatal / catastrophic EXPOSURE (E) 1 Rare (< once/year) 2 Occasional (monthly) 3 Frequent (weekly) 4 Continuous (daily) 5 Always exposed PROBABILITY (P) 1 Almost impossible (very unlikely) 2 Unlikely, but possible (unusual) 3 Quite likely to occur (expected at times) 4 Almost certain (to be expected) max R = Smax × Emax × Pmax = 5 × 5 × 4 = 100 RISK CLASSIFICATION (R = S × E × P) ACCEPTABLE LOW MEDIUM HIGH CRITICAL R ≤ 10 R = 11 – 25 R = 26 – 50 R = 51 – 75 R = 76 – 100 No action needed Monitor & document Action plan required Priority correction Stop — act immediately CONTROL HIERARCHY Most effective → Least effective 1. ELIMINATION — Remove the hazard entirely 2. SUBSTITUTION — Replace with a safer alternative 3. ENGINEERING — Guarding, isolation, ventilation 4. ADMINISTRATIVE — Procedures, training, signage 5. PPE — Personal protective equipment
Art. 43
Law 3850/2010
Written ΜΕΕΚ obligation
§6.1.2.1
ISO 45001:2018
Hazard identification
360°
All activities
& work areas covered
Legal Framework

Article 43 of Law 3850/2010:
What the Law Requires

Greek Law 3850/2010 (the Code of Laws on Worker Health and Safety) codifies the employer's obligation to carry out and maintain a written occupational risk assessment. Article 43 specifies both the scope and the methodology of this requirement.

Article 43 — Law 3850/2010

Mandatory Written Risk Assessment (ΜΕΕΚ)

The law defines the written risk assessment as a systematic examination of all work activities carried out in the organisation. It must be prepared by the designated safety technician, occupational physician, or an external occupational safety and health service (ΕΞΥΠΠ), and must address the following:

  • Identification of hazard sources — what could cause harm to workers' health and safety, covering falls, machinery and equipment, fire, electrical hazards, explosion risks, exposure to harmful physical, chemical or biological agents, and risks arising from work organisation.
  • Determination of prevention measures — whether and how each identified hazard source can be eliminated, or the risk reduced, and what additional control measures are needed.
  • Qualitative and quantitative determination of harmful factors, including the nature of the risk, its severity, the duration of exposure and the frequency of occurrence — incorporating biological monitoring results where applicable.
  • Consideration of vulnerable groups — the assessment must specifically address workers exposed to particular risks, including new or expectant mothers and young workers.
  • Review and update — the written assessment must be revised whenever there are significant changes in working conditions, after any workplace accident, or whenever the existing measures prove inadequate.
  • Disclosure to workers' representatives — the completed written assessment must be made available to health and safety representatives and discussed at joint employer-worker meetings.
ISO 45001:2018

Meeting Clause 6.1.2.1:
Hazard Identification Requirements

ISO 45001:2018 — Clause 6.1.2.1

For organisations implementing or maintaining ISO 45001:2018 — the international standard for Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems — clause 6.1.2.1 requires the establishment, implementation and maintenance of a process for ongoing and proactive hazard identification.

The ΜΕΕΚ we prepare in compliance with Greek law is structured to simultaneously satisfy the requirements of ISO 45001:2018 §6.1.2.1. This dual-compliance approach means that a single, well-crafted risk assessment fulfils both your statutory obligations and your certification requirements, reducing duplication of effort and documentation burden.

Our hazard identification process considers all the factors required by the standard, providing the documented foundation for your OHS planning, objectives, and operational controls.

Routine & Non-Routine Activities

All regular operations as well as periodic, maintenance, emergency and contractor activities are assessed — not just day-to-day tasks.

All Persons at the Workplace

Hazards are evaluated with respect to all workers — employees, contractors, visitors, and members of the public who may be affected by the organisation's activities.

Human Factors & Work Organisation

The assessment accounts for how work is organised, human behaviour, social factors, workload, shift patterns, and leadership — not just physical hazards.

Incidents, Near-Misses & Change

Past incidents and near-misses, as well as new or changed hazards arising from organisational changes, new equipment or substances, are systematically incorporated.

Scope of Assessment

Hazard Categories We Cover

Our workplace risk assessments systematically cover the full spectrum of occupational hazard categories defined by both Greek law and international best practice.

Mechanical

Moving parts, cutting tools, pressure systems, lifting equipment, vehicles, and unguarded machinery — evaluated against Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC and EN standards.

Electrical

Electrical installations, low/high voltage exposure, arc flash, inadequate earthing, and defective equipment — assessed per IEC standards and ELOT EN 50110.

Noise

Occupational noise exposure levels measured and compared to action values (80/85 dB(A)) per Directive 2003/10/EC, with risk to hearing and communication assessed.

Chemical Agents

Hazardous substances, carcinogens, sensitisers, skin/respiratory irritants — evaluated against OELs, REACH, CLP, and Directive 2004/37/EC on carcinogens.

Gases, Vapours & Dusts

Inhalation risks from airborne contaminants including combustible dusts, organic solvents, welding fumes, and process gases — with ventilation adequacy review.

Thermal

Heat stress, cold stress, and contact burns in workplaces with extreme temperatures — including thermal comfort, WBGT index evaluation, and personal protection requirements.

Radiation

Ionising radiation (X-ray, gamma) and non-ionising radiation (UV, laser, EMF, optical) — exposure limits per Directives 2013/59/Euratom, 2006/25/EC, and 2013/35/EU.

Biological

Micro-organisms, endotoxins, allergens, and biological substances in healthcare, food, agriculture, and waste management — classified per Directive 2000/54/EC.

Fire & Explosion

Ignition sources, flammable liquids, explosive atmospheres (ATEX), inadequate suppression systems, and emergency evacuation deficiencies across all work areas.

Psychosocial Stress

Work-related stress, burnout, excessive workload, shift work, job insecurity, and inadequate management practices — assessed using structured psychosocial risk tools.

Environmental

Workplace environmental conditions — lighting, humidity, air quality, vibration — that indirectly affect worker health, performance, and well-being over time.

General Hazards

Slips, trips, falls from height, falling objects, manual handling injuries, and inadequate housekeeping — the most frequent causes of workplace accidents in all sectors.

Ergonomic

Musculoskeletal risks from repetitive motion, awkward postures, heavy lifting, and workstation design — evaluated against EN 1005 standards and EN ISO 9241.

Violence & Harassment

Physical and psychological violence, workplace harassment, and third-party aggression — assessed per Greek Law 4808/2021 on prevention and management of harassment.

Combined Hazards

Interactions between multiple simultaneous risk factors — e.g. chemical + thermal, noise + vibration, psychosocial + ergonomic — that may produce compounded effects.

Our Consulting Services

What We Deliver for Your Organisation

MBO provides end-to-end occupational hazard and risk assessment services, from initial site survey through to the complete written ΜΕΕΚ and supporting documentation.

On-site Workplace Survey

A structured walkthrough of all work areas and activities, conducted together with the safety technician and key personnel, to identify and record all hazard sources first-hand.

Risk Evaluation & Prioritisation

Hazards are evaluated using both qualitative and semi-quantitative methods (risk matrices), considering severity, probability, and duration of exposure to rank risks and guide decision-making.

Written ΜΕΕΚ Report

A fully compliant written risk assessment document in accordance with Article 43 of Law 3850/2010, ready for signature by the competent persons and disclosure to workers' representatives.

Control Measures & Action Plan

Recommended control measures following the hierarchy of controls (elimination, substitution, engineering, administrative controls, PPE), with a prioritised action plan and implementation timeline.

ISO 45001 Documentation

Where needed, we structure the hazard identification documentation to simultaneously satisfy the requirements of ISO 45001:2018 §6.1.2.1, supporting your certification process without duplication.

Review & Update Support

Periodic reviews of the risk assessment following changes in working conditions, after incidents, or on a scheduled basis — ensuring your ΜΕΕΚ remains current and effective over time.

Our Approach

A Structured Process, from Site to Document

1

Scoping & Planning

We review your organisation's activities, workforce, existing documentation and any prior assessments to define the scope and approach of the assessment.

2

Workplace Assessment

A systematic on-site inspection covering all work areas, activities, and relevant equipment. Findings are recorded with reference to applicable legal and technical standards.

3

Risk Analysis & Evaluation

Each hazard is quantified using the R = S × E × P formula — multiplying Severity (S), Exposure (E), and Probability (P) to produce a risk score that positions the hazard on the risk matrix and drives prioritisation of controls.

4

Documentation & Delivery

The complete written ΜΕΕΚ is prepared, together with an action plan. We brief the relevant personnel and support implementation of the recommended controls.

Ready to Meet Your Compliance Obligations?

Contact us to discuss your organisation's requirements. We'll provide a clear proposal and explain how we can help you achieve full compliance with Art. 43 of Law 3850/2010 and ISO 45001:2018.